diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index f103b53..47836b0 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,43 +1,52 @@
-FROM rust:slim-buster AS build
+# Use a specific Rust version that is compatible with your dependencies
+FROM rust:1.81-slim-buster AS build
 
+# Print system information for debugging
 RUN uname -a
-RUN cat /etc/os-release # print ubuntu version
+RUN cat /etc/os-release
 
-# had to add this for open-ssl
+# Install necessary packages
 RUN apt-get update -y && \
     apt-get install -y git pkg-config make g++ libssl-dev wget \
-    libheif-dev libtiff-dev libtiff5-dev && \
+    libheif-dev libtiff-dev && \
     rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
 
+# Create a new Rust binary project
 RUN USER=root cargo new --bin quoter
 WORKDIR /quoter
 
+# Copy Cargo files to cache dependencies
 COPY ./Cargo.lock ./Cargo.lock
 COPY ./Cargo.toml ./Cargo.toml
 
-# cache dependencies
+# Cache dependencies
 ENV CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI=true
 RUN cargo build --release
+
+# Remove the default source file created by cargo new
 RUN rm src/*.rs
 
-# copy your source tree
+# Copy your source code into the container
 COPY ./src ./src
 
-# build for release
-RUN rm ./target/release/deps/quoter*
+# Build the application for release
 RUN cargo build --release
 
-FROM rust:slim-buster
+# Use a minimal runtime image for the final stage
+FROM debian:buster-slim
 
 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=full
 ENV RUST_LOG=warn
 
-RUN apt-get update && apt install -y openssl libssl-dev \
-    libheif1 libtiff5
+# Install runtime dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y openssl libssl-dev \
+    libheif1 libtiff5 && \
+    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# Copy the compiled binary from the build stage
 COPY --from=build /quoter/target/release/quoter .
 
 ENV PORT=8080
 EXPOSE 8080
 
-CMD ["./quoter"]
+CMD ["./quoter"]
\ No newline at end of file